白苏叶的化学成份

白苏叶含挥发油,其成分主要有白苏醛(perillaldehyde),柠檬烯(limonene),β-丁香烯(β-caryophyllene),α-香柑汕烯(α-bergamotene)及芳樟醇(linlaool)[1]等。还含白苏醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(perillyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)[2],紫苏酮,白苏甙(perilloside)B、C[3]及1,2-亚甲二氧基-4-甲氧基-5-烯丙基-3-苯基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(1,2-methylenedioxy-4-methoxy-5-allyl-3-phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)[4]。地上部分含白苏酮(perillaketone),异白苏烯酮(isoegomaketone),白苏烯酮(ego-maketone),白苏烯(perillene)[5],亚麻酸乙酯(ethyllinolenater),亚麻酸(linolenicacid)及β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)[6]等。有异戊基-3-呋喃甲酮(isoamyl-3-furylketone)即白苏酮,2,4-二硝基苯腙(2,4-dini-trophenylhydrazone),左旋白苏醛,二氯白苏醇(dihydroperil-lalcohol),α-蒎烯(α-pinene),β-蒎烯(β-pinene),樟烯(camphene),右旋柠檬烯,左旋芳樟酸,薄荷酮(menthone),薄荷醇(menthol),丁香油酚(eugenol)[7],莳萝油脑(dillapiol),榄香脂素(elemicin),β-丁香烯,香薷酮(elsholtziaketone),异白苏烯酮,白苏酮,白苏酮(naginataketone),对-聚伞花素(p-cymene),肉豆蔻醚(myristicin),苯甲醛(benzaldehyde)[8],1-(3-呋喃基)-3-甲氧酸基)[9]等。还含高山黄苓甙(scutellarin),新西兰牡荆甙Ⅱ(vicenin,vicenin-2)[10],5,3,4-三羟基黄酮-7-(2-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸基)-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甙[7-(2-O-β-D-glucuronyl)-β-D-glu-curonyloxy)-5,3,4-trihydroxyflavane],(R)-苯乙腈-2-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[(R)-2-(-2-O-β-D-glu-copyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-phenylacetonitrile],野樱甙(prunasin)[11],即(R)-苯乙腈-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[(R)-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyphenylacetonitrile][12],迷迭香酸(ros-marinicacid),咖啡酸(caffeicacid)[10,11],(Z,E)-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-乙烯咖啡酸酯[(Z,E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethenylcaffeate],[13],豆甾醇(stigmas-terol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),菜油甾醇(campsterol)[14]及锌、铁、铜、铬、锰、钴、锡、钙等多种元机元素[15]。