急！请求高手帮我讲解下英语中的"宾语从句”

一、引导词

1.what在名词性从句中必须充当成分,做主语,宾语,表语

2. that 在名词性从句中绝对不充当任何成分,一般情况下可以省略

that前通常不加介词,除了except/but/in

The suit fitted him well （ ）the color was alittlebcenterer.

（ab）

A except B except that C except when D besides

:I read about it in some book or other, does it matter( a ) it was?

A. where B. what C. how D which

Which在名词性从句中通常充当定语

:Eat cake you like and leave the others for ( C) comes in late.

A any who B every whoever C whichever whoever D eitherwhoever

Which, whichever在名词性从句中通常充当定语

二、语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序

(1):Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see --( d)

A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

1.宾语从句陈述语气

2.开门,接电话时 who is it?

(2)He asked (b) with you?

A what was the matter B what the matter was C the matter waswhatD what is the matter

我们所谓的陈述语序,指的是主+谓+宾,因此

(1) 中who 在句中作表语,因为回答时是it is me.所以要把主语it放在谓语is的前面,

(2) 中what做句子的主语,句子本身就是按照主系表排列的,因此不用倒装.

三、时态

主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。

主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。

(3) The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four-fifth of the tickets( A)

A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked

(4) We were all surprised when he made it clear he ( D) office soon.

A leaves B would leave C center D had center

(5)She said that the earth ( A) around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。

A moves B moved C move D moving

四、特殊形式宾语从句

(1)如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：

“主语+谓语+it+宾补+宾语从句” make, find ,consider, feel

We were all surprised when he made (C)clear he leaveofficesoon.

A this B that C it D which

(2)在hate, enjoy, like, love, appreciate等动词之后,可用it充当形式宾语

:I’d appreciate ( B)if you would turn the radio down.

A that B it C this D you

:I like (C)in the autumn when the weather is clear

A this B that C it D one

(3) do you think(guess, suppose, believe)的宾语从句中,特殊疑问词要提前

We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

what do you suppose ( C)to her?

A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened

初中英语宾语从句小结

一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:

She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作

二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:

Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来

但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。

三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:

Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?

I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗?

宾语从句使用--四注意

我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:

一、引导词的使用

1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:

Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.

2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:

David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.

3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:

Do you know what we can do on the island?

I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.

二、语序的陈述化

宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:

When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.

Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?

三、时态的呼应

1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:

I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)

2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:

He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。

3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

四、否定转移

当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:

I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?

I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?

注意：

(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。?

See to it that children don’t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。?

(2)that引导表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。?

四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。

(1)宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如：?

I don’t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。?

I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。?

I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。?

(2)作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。如：?

Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况：?

1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。?

I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.

我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。?

2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。?

Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.

亚伯拉罕?林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。?

3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。?

When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.

然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。?

4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。

Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.

他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。?

5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。?

I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.

我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。?

6.宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰主语时。?

He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。?

7.在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。?

“I’m sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn’t watch carefully enough what I did.”

我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。?

8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。?

The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.

那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。