The Single-member districts with plurality win

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1.

Single-member district plurality voting (SMDP) is the system most commonly used for legislative elections in the United States. In this system, all the candidates appear on the ballot and the voters indicate their choice of one of them--by marking an X, pulling a voting lever, etc. (See example below.) All the votes are then counted and the winner is the one with the most votes. Winners need not collect a majority of the votes, only more votes than their opponents do--a plurality of the votes.

2.advantages and disadvantages of this system:

SMDP is good at ensuring that the plurality of voters are represented and that all local geographical areas have a voice in the legislature. It also tends to reinforce the two-party system, and to produce stable single-party majorities in legislatures. It does this by making it difficult for third parties to elect their candidates. This also serves as a check on small extremist parties. On the other hand, this voting system also tends to misrepresent parties, produce manufactured majorities, encourage gerrymandering, discourage voter turnout, create high levels of wasted votes, and deny fair representation to third parties, racial minorities and women.